Climate Change Science

Climate Change Science, the facts

A simple way of looking at the present problem of Global Warming is to say that there is too much heat near the surface of the Earth and that this is causing problems for humans and other life forms, which have developed in lower temperatures.

A simple solution is to reduce the heat near the surface of the Earth. How can this be done?

Heat does not normally move from a cooler substance to a warmer substance, but it does naturally and easily move from a warmer substance to a cooler substance. For the Global Cooling and Irrigation System, the fact that air temperature reduces as height increases is the basis of the invention. (As a general rule, the air temperature falls by 1oC for every 100 meters of height, so at a height of 750m, the temperature is approximately 7.5oC lower than at ground level). Pls. see FAQs for more information on the relationships of temperature and height.

Also, look at any picture of a high mountain – Mount Fuji, Mount Kilimanjaro, the Andes, and the Himalayas. Where are the snow and ice? On the top… Why? Because this is the coldest area. Climate Change Science really is that simple.

It is also the area where the air pressure is lowest – hence the need for pressurised cabins in aircraft….

The following forms of heat transfer and cooling are relevant to the Global Cooling and Irrigation System:

  1. Condensation/Evaporative cooling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_cooler
  2. Conduction – especially in the cooling fins, which ensure that heat and moisture can be condensed on the chilled metal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction
  3. Convection – the flow of warmer air upwards and outwards in the cooler, low-pressure air https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection
  4. Radiation – especially as heat leaves the cooling fins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_cooling

Differential Temperature Graph

Basic Geographical Data As A Basis Of Our Designs

The surface of the Earth has the following configuration:

Ground surface area (GSA): c. 150 million sq. km. – nearly 30%

Water surface area (WSA): c. 360         “          – about 70%

Total surface area (TSA): c. 510 million sq. km. : (abbreviations – e.g. WSA – are used for ease of explanation)…

If the Ground Surface Area of 150 million square metres is multiplied by 200 metres, an idea of the volume of air which could be moved from above the ground is GSA x depth 200 m = 30 billion cubic metres or 30 cubic kilometres.

Similarly, if a similar effect could be achieved over the oceans well as the land surface – not so easy, but theoretically, the structures could be mounted on pontoons – a worldwide volume of air with a depth of 200 metres would be TSA 510 million x depth 200 m = 102 billion cubic metres.

If the depth were increased to 500 metres, the worldwide volume of air to be cooled would be 255 billion cubic metres.

Many large extraction fans exist. For example, the CMV from Central Fans (http://www.central-fans.co.uk) moves 110,000 cubic metres per hour. To obtain this performance the air pressure must be similar to ground-level pressure, which is why excellent insulation – and if need be, supplementary internal air heating – will be essential.

If the Fontana™ devices are sited on land only – GSA-style – they will be 37oC If this is divided by 110,000 m per hr, one device will take 272,727 hours to process this volume of air…

There are 8760 hours in a year

∴ if 272,272 is divided by 8760 = it will take 311 years per CMV to process the volume of air above the land surface.

With 311 CMVs working 24/7, the time taken to process the lowest 200m of the Earth’s surface-atmosphere will fall to one year.

So, what needs to be established, by prototype trials and calculation, is the level of temperature reduction that can be achieved by processing a given volume of air per Fontana™.

Also, how the Fontana™ structures can be optimised for the purpose of extracting heat and moisture from the air…

And releasing chilled water in a controlled way into the Earth and the Ocean…

And how they can be linked through satellite and internet technology into an effective system for maintaining the Earth’s temperature and water availability at the best level for humans and other life forms.